Megazyme/乳糖/半乳糖检测试剂盒(（快速）/K-LACGAR/115每个试剂盒的分析
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K-LACGAR
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Megazyme INC
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¥6000.00
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3600.00
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其它检测试剂盒
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Other_kits
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3392242852
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4000-520-616
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商品介绍
TheLactose/Galactose(Rapid)testkitisusedfor therapidtestoflactose,D-galactoseandL-arABInoseinfoodandplantproducts.GalactosedehydrogenasecanbeusedthemeasurementandanalysisofbothD-galactoseandL-arabinose.Suitablefortheanalysisoflactosein“low-lactose”or“lactose-free”sampleswhichcontainhighlevelsofmonosaccharides. ThereagentsprovidedinthiskitarealsosuitableforusewithAOACmethod2006.06–Lactoseinmilk.
LactosefermentationbyKombucha–aprocesstoobtainnewmilk–basedbeverages.
Iličić,M.,Kanurić,K.,Milanović,S.,Lončar,E.,Djurić,M.&Malbaša,R.(2012).RomanianBiotechnologicalLetters,17(1),7013-7021.
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Thispaperfocusesonfermentationoflactosefromamodelsystem(blacktea)andfromtwotypesofmilk(0.9%w/wand2.2%w/woffat)byapplicationofKombucha.QuantitiesoftheappliedKombuchastarterwere10%v/vand15%v/v.Allfermentationswereperformedat42°C.TheprocesstoachieveadesirablepH=4.5wasslowerinthemodelsystem(16h)thaninmilks(9-10h).Regardingstarterquantity,10%v/vprovedtheoptimal.Regardingtypesofmilk,higherfatcontentguaranteesshorterfermentationandhigheryieldofmetabolites.Utilizationoflactosewasfoundatalevelof≈20%and≈30%inmilkswith0.9%w/wand2.2%w/woffat,respectively.Thiswascorrelatedwithanappearanceofintermediatesand/orproducts.Glucoseunderwentfurthertransformationsalmostentirely,whilegalactoseshowedmuchlowerreactivity.Seventotwelvetimeshighercontentsoflacticacidwerefoundcomparedtoaceticacid.Milk-basedbeveragefromthereducedfatsample,inoculatedwith10%v/vofKombuchastarter,hasthebestphysicalcharacteristics(syneresisandwaterholdingcapacity).Italsodevelopedagoodtexture(especiallycohesivenessandindexofviscosity).Milklactosefermentationwasaprocessthatcouldhavebeenusedforobtainingnewmilk-basedproducts.
Theeffectoftransglutaminaseonrheologyandtextureoffermentedmilkproducts.
Iličić,M.D.,Milanović,S.D.,Carić,M.Ð.,Vukić,V.R.,Kanurić,K.G.,Ranogajec,M.I.&Hrnjez,D.V.(2013).JournalofTextureStudies,44(2),160-168.
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Theaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheeffectoftransglutaminase(TG)additiononrheologicalproperties,texturalcharacteristicsandmicrostructureoffermentedmilkproductsmanufacturedbydifferentstarters(probioticsandkombuchainoculum).Rheologicalanalysisrevealedthatallmanufacturedfermentedmilkproductshadhigherstoragemodulusthanlossmodulusandexhibitedthixotropicandatypicalshearthinningbehavior.TheadditionofTGinmilkincreasedapproximately10.5%hysteresislooparea,39%firmnessand48%consistencyinsampleproducedwithprobioticstarterandhadmorefirmandstablegelstructurethankombuchafermentedmilkproducts.ThescanningelectronmicroscopymicrographsshowedthatcaseinmatrixoffermentedmilkproductscontainingTGiscontinuousanduninterruptedexceptforvoidspacesoccupiedbymilkserumandstarterculturecell.
Molecularcharacterizationandsolutionpropertiesofenzymaticallytailoredarabinoxylans.
Pitkänen,L.,Tuomainen,P.,Virkki,L.&Tenkanen,M.(2011).InternationalJournalofBIOLOGicalMacromolecules,49(5),963-969.
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Twoα-L-arabinofuranosidaseswithdifferentsubstratespecificitieswereusedtomodifythearabinose-to-xyloseratioofcerealarabinoxylans:oneenzyme(AXH-m)removedtheL-arabinofuranosylsubstituentsfromthemonosubstitutedxylopyranosylresiduesandtheother(AXH-d3)the(1→3)-linkedL-arabinofuranosylunitsfromthedisubstitutedxylopyranosylresidue.Inthisstudy,wenoticedthatnotonlythearabinose-to-xyloseratiobutalsothepositionofthearabinofuranosylsubstituentsaffectsthewater-solubilityofarabinoxylans.TheAXH-d3treatmenthadnosignificanteffectonthesolutionconformationofarabinoxylans,butthedensityofthearabinoxylanmoleculesdecreasedinDMSOsolutionafterAXH-mmodification.ThepossIBLeheterogeneityofarabinoxylanscomplicatedtheinterpretationofdatadescribingthemacromolecularpropertiesoftheenzymaticallymodifiedsamples.
Analysisofthearabinoxylanarabinofuranohydrolasegenefamilyinbarleydoesnotsupporttheirinvolvementintheremodellingofendospermcellwallsduringdevelopment.
Laidlaw,H.K.,Lahnstein,J.,Burton,R.A.,Fincher,G.B.&Jobling,S.A.(2012).JournalofExperimentalBotany,63(8),3031-3045.
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Arabinoxylanarabinofuranohydrolases(AXAHs)arefamilyGH51enzymesthathavebeenimplicatedintheremovalofarabinofuranosylresiduesfromthe(1,4)-β-xylanbackboneofheteroxylans.FivegenesencodingbarleyAXAHsrangeinsizefrom4.6kbto7.1kbandeachcontains16introns.ThebarleyHvAXAHgenesmaptochromosomes2H,4H,and5H.AsmallclusterofthreeHvAXAHgenesislocatedonchromosome4Handthereisevidenceforgeneduplicationandthepresenceofpseudogenesinbarley.TheCDNAscorrespondingtobarleyandwheatAXAHgeneswerecloned,andtranscriptlevelsofthegeneswereprofiledacrossarangeoftissuesatdifferentdevelopmentalstages.TwoHvAXAHcDNAsthatweresuccessfullyexpressedinNicotianabenthamianaleavesexhibitedsimilaractivitiesagainst4-nitrophenylα-L-arabinofuranoside,butHvAXAH2activitywassignificantlyhigheragainstwheatflourarabinoxylan,comparedwithHvAXAH1.HvAXAH2alsodisplayedactivityagainst(1,5)-α-L-arabinopentaoseanddebranchedarabinan.Westernblottingwithananti-HvAXAHantibodywasusedtodefinefurtherthelocationsoftheAXAHenzymesindevelopingbarleygrain,wherehighlevelsweredetectedintheouterlayersofthegrainbutlittleornoproteinwasdetectedintheendosperm.Thechromosomallocationsofthegenesdonotcorrespondtoanypreviouslyidentifiedgenomicregionsshowntoinfluenceheteroxylanstructure.ThedataarethereforeconsistentwitharoleforAXAHindepolymerizingarabinoxylansinmaternaltissuesduringgraindevelopment,butdonotprovidecompellingevidenceforaroleinremodellingarabinoxylansduringendospermorcoleoptiledevelopmentinbarleyaspreviouslyproposed.
Bacterialnanocellulose‐reinforcedarabinoxylanfilms.
Stevanic,J.S.,Joly,C.,Mikkonen,K.S.,Pirkkalainen,K.,Serimaa,R.,Rémond,C.,Toriz,G.,Gatenholm,P.,Tenkanen,M.&Salmén,L.(2011).JournalofAppliedpolymerscience,122(2),1030-1039.
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Thereisanincreasinginterestinsubstitutingtoday"sfilmsforfoodpackagingapplicationswithfilmsbasedonrenewableresources.Forthispurpose,ryearabinoxylans,unmodifiedandenzymaticallydebranched,werestudiedforthepreparationofneatfilmsandcompositefilmsreinforcedwithbacterialcellulose(BC).Mixinginahomogenizerproducedopticallytransparent,uniformfilms.Physicalandmechanicalcharacteristicsofsuchfilmsareherereported.Debranchingofthearabinoxylancausedanincreaseinitscrystallinityof20%.DebranchingaswellasreinforcementwithBCresultedinadecreaseofthemoisturesorptionofthefilms.ThedebranchingalsoresultedinareducedbreakingstrainwhilethereinforcementwithBCincreasedstiffnessandstrengthofthefilms.
InnovativeCaciocavallocheesesmadefromamixtureofcowmilkwitheweorgoatmilk.
Niro,S.,Fratianni,A.,Tremonte,P.,Sorrentino,E.,Tipaldi,L.,Panfili,G.&Coppola,R.(2014).JournalofDairyScience,97(3),1296-1304.
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Thisstudyassessedandcomparedthephysicochemical,microbiological,andsensorialcharacteristicsofCaciocavallocheeses,madefromcowmilkandamixtureofcowwitheweorgoatmilk,duringripening.Differentcheese-makingtrialswerecarriedoutonanindustrialscalefollowingthestandardprocedureofpastafilatacheeses,withsomemodifications.Thepercentageofthedifferentaddedmilktocowmilkinfluencedcompositionalandnutritionalcharacteristicsoftheinnovativeproducts,leADIngtoasatisfactorymicrobiologicalandsensorialquality.
Simultaneousuptakeoflignocellulose‐basedmonosaccharidesbyEscherichiacoli.
Jarmander,J.,Hallström,B.M.&Larsson,G.(2014).BiotechnologyandBioengineering,111(6),1108-1115.
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Lignocellulosicwasteisanaturallyabundantbiomassandisthereforeanattractivematerialtouseinsecondgenerationbiorefineries.Microbialgrowthonthemonosaccharidespresentinhydrolyzedlignocelluloseishoweverassociatedwithseveralobstacleswhereofoneisthelackofsimultaneousuptakeofthesugars.WehavestudiedtheaerobicgrowthofEscherichiacolionD-glucose,D-xylose,andL-arabinoseandforsimultaneousuptaketooccur,boththecarboncataboliterepressionmechanism(CCR)andtheAraCrepressionofxyloseuptakeandmetabolismhadtoberemoved.ThestrainAF1000isaMC4100derivativethatisonlyabletoassimilatearabinoseafteraconsiderablelagphase,whichisunsuitableforcommercialproduction.ThisstrainwassuccessfullyadaptedtogrowthonL-arabinoseandthisledtosimultaneousuptakeofarabinoseandxyloseinadiauxicgrowthmodefollowingglucoseconsumption.Inthisstrain,adeletioninthephosphoenolpyruvate:phosphotransferasesystem(PTS)forglucoseuptake,theptsGmutation,wasintroduced.Theresultingstrain,PPA652arasimultaneouslyconsumedallthreemonosaccharidesatamaximumspecificgrowthrateof0.59 h-1,55%higherthanfortheptsGmutantalone.Also,noresidualsugarwaspresentinthecultivationmedium.ThepotentialofPPA652araisfurtheracknowledgedbytheperformanceofAF1000duringfed-batchprocessingonamixtureofD-glucose,D-xylose,andL-arabinose.Theconclusionisthatwithouttheremovalofbothlayersofcarbonuptakecontrol,thisprocessresultsinaccumulationofpentosesandleadstoareductionofthespecificgrowthrateby30%.
Galactosecanbeaninducerforproductionoftherapeuticproteinsbyauto-inductionusingE.coliBL21strains.
Xu,J.,Banerjee,A.,Pan,S.H.&Li,Z.J.(2012).ProteinExpressionandPurification,83(1),30-36.
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Recentlylactosemediatedauto-inductioninEscherichiacolihasgainedalotofinterestbecausehigherproteintitercouldbeachievedwithouttheneedtomonitorgrowthandaddinduceratthepropertime.Inthisstudyahighleveltherapeuticproteinproductionbyauto-inductionwasobservedinE.coliBL21usingeitherT7ortacpromotersinthemodifiedLuriaBertani(mLB)mediumcontainingsoypeptoneinsteadoftryptoneinLuriaBertani(LB)medium.Basedonmediumanalysisandspikingexperimentsitwasfoundthat0.4mMgalactosefromthesoypeptonecausedtheauto-induction.E.coliculturesinducedbygalactosecansaturateatconsiderablyhigherdensitythanculturesinducedbyIPTG.GalactoseisnotconsumedbyE.coliBL21.Finallyithasbeendemonstratedthatauto-inductioncanbeeffectivelyusedinfed-batchfermentationfortheindustrialproductionofatherapeuticprotein.Theprincipleofgalactosemediatedauto-inductionshouldbeabletoapplytohighthroughputmicroplates,shakeflasksandfed-batchfermentorsforclonescreeningandtherapeuticproteinexpressioninE.coligal-strainssuchasmostcommonlyusedBL21.
Productionofan18%proteinliquidmicellarcaseinconcentratewithalongrefrigeratedshelflife.
Amelia,I.&Barbano,D.M.(2013).JournalofDairyScience,96(5),3340-3349.
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Ourobjectivewastodevelopaprocesstoproduceahigh-concentrationliquidmicellarcaseinconcentrate(18%protein,MCC18)withalongrefrigeratedshelflife.TheMCC18isanovelmilkproteiningredientproducedbyfractionatingskimmilkusingMICROFILtration(MF).Toachievealongrefrigeratedshelflife,theprocessingofMCC18wasdesignedtomaximizetheremovaloflow-molecularweightcompounds[e.g.,lactoseandnonproteinnitrogen(NPN)]thatcanbeeasilymetabolizedbymicrobes,whileminimizingthemicrobialcountinthefinalproduct.TheproductionofMCC18wasdoneoveraperiodof5d.Theexperimentwasreplicated3timesindifferentweekswithadifferentbatchofrawmilk.Rawwholemilkwaspasteurizedandseparatedtoproduceskimmilk.Skimmilkwasultrafiltered(UF)toremovemorethanhalfofthelactoseandNPN.TheUFmilkretentatewasdilutedwithwaterandthenMFin3stagestoremoveapproximately95%oftheserumproteinandfurtherremovelactoseandNPN.TheretentatefromthelaststageofMFwasUFtoconcentratetheproteinto18%andbatchpasteurized.TheMCC18wascollectedimmediatelyafterprocessinginsterileplasticvialsandstoredat4°C.TheaverageMCC18contained21.78%totalsolids,18.27%trueprotein,0.31%NPN,and0.13%lactose.TheMCC18atthedayofprocessingcontainedameanaerobicbacterialcountof2.1logcfu/mLandmeanaerobicsporecountof2.3logcfu/mL.TheMCC18formedasolidgelattemperatures<22°c, but="" the="" mcc18="" reverted="" back="" to="" a="" liquid="" when="" warmed="" from="" 4°c="" temperature="" to="">22°C.Thisprovidesauniqueopportunityiningredienthandlingandpackagingandeliminatesthechallengesencounteredinreconstitutionofdriedmilkproteiningredients.TheMCC18producedinthisstudymaintainedabacteriacount<20,000 cfu/ml="" for="" 16="" wk="" when="" stored="" at="" a="" refrigeration="" temperature="" of="" 4°c.="" further="" study="" is="" needed="" to="" determine="" if="" changes="" occur="" in="" the="" organoleptic="" and="" functional="" properties="" of="" mcc18.="" we="" envision="" that="" the="" conversion="" of="" skim="" milk="" to="" mcc="" and="" its="" coproducts="" (serum="" protein="" concentrate="" and="" lactose="" concentrate)="" could="" be="" used="" as="" an="" alternative="" to="" the="" production="" of="" nonfat="" dry="" milk="" to="" balance="" milk="" production="" seasonality,="" specifically="" the="" components="" of="" skim="" milk="" portion.="">
ProductionofbioethanolfromeffluentsofthedairyindustrybyKluyveromycesmarxianus.
Zoppellari,F.&Bardi,L.(2013).NewBiotechnology,30(6),607-613.
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Wheyandscottaareeffluentscomingfromcheeseandricottaprocessingrespectively.Wheycontainsminerals,lipids,lactoseandproteins;scottacontainsmainlylactose.Wheycanbereusedinseveralways,suchasproteinextractionoranimalfeeding,whilenowadaysscottaisjustconsideredasawaste;moreover,duetoveryhighvolumesofwheyproducedintheworld,itposesseriousenvironmentalanddisposalproblems.Alternativedestinationsoftheseeffluents,suchasbiotechnologicaltransformations,canbeawaytoreachbothgoalsofimprovingtheaddedvalueoftheagroindustrialprocessesandreducingtheirenvironmentalimpact.Inthisworkweinvestigatedthewaytoproducebioethanolfromlactoseofwheyandscottaandtooptimizethefermentationyields.Kluyveromycesmarxianusvar.marxianuswaschosenaslactose-fermentingyeast.Batch,aerobicandanaerobic,fermentationsandsemicontinuousfermentationsindispersedphaseandinpackedbedreactorwerecarriedoutofrowwhey,scottaandmix1:1whey:scottaatalaboratoryscale.Differenttemperatures(28–40°C)werealsotestedtocheckwhethertheThermotoleranceofthechosenyeastcouldbeusefultoimprovetheethanolyield.Thebestperformanceswerereachedatlowtemperatures(28°C);hightemperaturesarealsocompatiblewithgoodethanolyieldsinwheyfermentations,butnotinscottafermentations.Semicontinuousfermentationsindispersedphasegavethebestfermentationperformances,particularlywithscotta.Thenbotheffluentscanbeconsideredsuitableforethanolproduction.Thegoodyieldsobtainedfromscottaallowustotransformthiswasteinasource.
NovelCombinationofPrebioticsGalacto-OligosaccharidesandInulin-InhibitedAberrantCryptFociFormationandBioMarkersofColonCancerinWistarRats.
Qamar,T.R.,Syed,F.,Nasir,M.,Rehman,H.,Zahid,M.N.,Liu,R.H.&Iqbal,S.(2016).Nutrients,8(8),465.
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Theselectivityandbeneficialeffectsofprebioticsaremainlydependentoncompositionandglycosidiclinkageamongmonosaccharideunits.Thisisthefirststudytouseprebioticgalacto-oligosaccharides(GOS)thatcontainsβ-1,6andβ-1,3glycosidiclinkagesandthenovelcombinationofGOSandinulinincancerprevention.TheobjectiveofthepresentstudyistoexploretheroleofnovelGOSandinulinagainstvariousbiomarkersofcolorectalcancer(CRC)andtheincidenceofaberrantcryptfoci(ACF)ina1,2-dimethylhydrazinedihydrochloride(DMH)-inducedrodentmodel.PrebiotictreatmentsofcombinedGOSandinulin(57mgeach),aswellasindividualdoses(GOS:76–151mg;inulin114mg),weregiventoDMH-treatedanimalsfor16weeks.OurdatarevealthesignificantpreventiveeffectoftheGOSandinulincombinationagainstthedevelopmentofCRC.ItwasobservedthatinhibitionofACFformation(55.8%)wassignificantly(p ≤0.05)higherusingtheGOSandinulincombinationthanGOS(41.4%)andinulin(51.2%)treatmentsalone.Thiscombinationalsorenderedbetterresultsonshort-chainfattyacids(SCFA)andbacterialenzymaticactivities.Dose-dependenteffectsofprebiotictreatmentswerealsoobservedoncecumandfecalbacterialenzymesandonSCFA.Thus,thisstudydemonstratedthatnovelcombinationofGOSandinulinexhibitedstrongerpreventiveactivitythantheirindividualtreatmentsalone,andcanbeapromisingstrategyforCRCchemoprevention.
14-3-3γregulateslipopolysaccharide-inducedinflammatoryresponsesandlactationindairycowmammaryepithelialcellsbyinhibitingNF-κBandMAPKsandup-regulatingmTORsignaling.
Liu,L.,Lin,Y.,Liu,L.,Bian,Y.,Zhang,L.,Gao,X.&Li,Q.(2015).InternationalJournalofMolecularSciences,16(7),16622-16641.
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Asaprotectivefactorforlipopolysaccharide(LPS)-inducedinjury,14-3-3γhasbeenthesubjectofrecentresearch.Nevertheless,whether14-3-3γcanregulatelactationindairycowmammaryepithelialcells(DCMECs)inducedbyLPSremainsunknown.Here,theanti-inflammatoryeffectandlactationregulatingabilityof14-3-3γinLPS-inducedDCMECsareinvestigatedforthefirsttime,andthemolecularmechanismsresponsiblefortheireffectsareexplored.TheresultsofqRT-PCRshowedthat14-3-3γoverexpressionsignificantlyinhibitedthemRNAexpressionoftumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1Β(IL-1β)andinduciblenitricoxidesynthase(iNOS).Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)analysisrevealedthat14-3-3γoverexpressionalsosuppressedtheproductionofTNF-αandIL-6incellculturesupernatants.Meanwhile,CASY-TTAnalyserSystemshowedthat14-3-3γoverexpressionclearlyincreasedtheviabilityandproliferationofcells.Theresultsofkitmethodsandwesternblotanalysisshowedthat14-3-3γoverexpressionpromotedthesecretionoftriglyceridesandlactoseandthesynthesisofβ-casein.Furthermore,theexpressionofgenesrelevanttonuclearfactor-κB(NF-κB)andmitogen-activatedproteinkinase(MAPKs)andlactation-associatedproteinswereassessedbywesternblot,andtheresultssuggestedthat14-3-3γoverexpressioninactivatedtheNF-κBandMAPKsignalingpathwaysbydown-regulatingextracellularsignalregulatedproteinkinase(ERK),p38mitogen-activatedproteinkinase(p38MAPK)andinhibitorofNF-κB(IκB)phosphorylationlevels,aswellasbyinhibitingNF-κBtranslocation.Meanwhile,14-3-3γoverexpressionenhancedtheexpressionlevelsofΒ-casein,mammaliantargetofrapamycin(mTOR),ribosomalproteinS6kinase1(S6K1),serine/threonineproteinkinaseAkt1(AKT1),sterolregulatoryelementbindingprotein1(SREBP1)andperoxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptorgamma(PPARγ).Theseresultssuggestthat14-3-3γwasabletoattenuatetheLPS-inducedinflammatoryresponsesandpromoteproliferationandlactationinLPS-inducedDCMECsbyinhibitingtheactivationoftheNF-κBandMAPKsignalingpathwaysandup-regulatingmTORsignalingpathwaystoprotectagainstLPS-inducedinjury.
Productionofimpureprebioticgalacto-oligosaccharidesandtheireffectoncalcium,magnesium,ironandzincabsorptioninSprague-Dawleyrats.
Maawia,K.,Iqbal,S.,Qamar,T.R.,Rafiq,P.,Ullah,A.&Ahmad,M.(2016).PharmaNutrition,4(4),154-160.
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Prebioticgalacto-oligosaccharides(GOS)areimportant“functionalfoods”ofcurrentscenarioandusedforvarioushealthbenefitsincludingimprovedmineralabsorption.Inthepresentstudy,itwashypothesizedthatnovelGOSmixture,producedthroughtransgalactosylation,withsignificantamountofmonoanddisaccharidesmayenhancemineralabsorptioninSprague-Dawleyrats.Thenon-purifiedGOShavingβ-(1 → 6)andβ-(1 → 3)glycosidiclinkage,wereevaluatedforapparentabsorptionofcalcium,magnesium,ironandzinc.Theratsweredividedintotwomaingroups(n = 12pergroup,6male/6female)fedoncontrolandGOS(5 g/100 g)diet.Thefeceswerecollectedafter7 daysintervalfor28 days.Theweightgain,feedandwaterintakewerestatisticallysimilar(p < 0.05)in=""both=""groups=""irrespective=""of=""gender.=""similarly,=""the=""absorption=""of=""minerals=""was=""statistically=""not=""different=""in=""both=""genders=""during=""whole=""study.=""the=""gos=""diet=""significantly="">< 0.05)improved=""absorption=""of=""ca=""(34.55–39.93%),=""mg=""(51.22–58.05%)=""and=""fe=""(31.58–39.21%)=""as=""compared=""to=""control=""diet=""at=""the=""end=""of=""study.=""however,=""no=""impact=""on=""zn=""absorption=""was=""observed=""during=""the=""whole=""study.=""it=""can=""be=""inferred=""that=""the=""use=""of=""non-purified=""gos=""for=""3–4=""weeks=""may=""enhance=""ca,=""mg=""and=""fe=""absorption.="">
EpigeneticregulationofmiR‐29saffectsthelactationactivityofdairycowmammaryepithelialcells.
Bian,Y.,Lei,Y.,Wang,C.,Wang,J.,Wang,L.,Liu,L.,Liu,L.,.Gao,X.&Li,Q.(2015).JournalofCellularPhysiology,230(9),2152-2163.
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Milkisimportantforhumannutrition,andenhancedmilkqualityhasbecomeamajorselectioncriterionforthegeneticimprovementoflivestock.Epigeneticmodificationshavebeenshowntobeinvolvedinmammaryglanddevelopment;butthemechanismsunderlyingtheireffectsremainunknown.MicroRNAsareinvolvedintheregulationofmilksynthesisandinmammaryglanddevelopment.OurstudyisthefirsttoinvestigatetherolesofmiR-29sandepigeneticregulationindairycowmammaryepithelialcells(DCMECs).OurresultsshowthatmiR-29sregulatetheDNAmethylationlevelbyinverselytargetingbothDNMT3AandDNMT3BinDCMECs.TheinhibitionofmiR-29scausedglobalDNAhypermethylationandincreasedthemethylationlevelsofthepromotersofimportantlactation-relatedgenes,includingcaseinalphas1(CSN1S1),E74-likefactor5(ElF5),peroxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptorgamma(PPARγ),sterolregulatoryelementbindingprotein-1(SREBP1),andglucosetransporter1(GLUT1).TheinhibitionofmiR-29sreducedthesecretionoflactoprotein,triglycerides(TG)andlactosebyDCMECs.Moreover,thetreatmentofDCMECswith5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine(5-Aza-dC)decreasedthemethylationlevelsofthemiR-29bpromoterandincreasedtheexpressionofmiR-29b.ThelinkbetweenmiR-29sandDNMT3A/3BenhancesourunderstandingoftherolesofmiRNAsinmammaryglandfunction,andourdatawillinformmoreexperimentallyorientedstudiestoidentifynewmechanismsofregulatinglactation.Wepresentnewinsightsregardingtheepigeneticregulationoflactationperformance.Improvedunderstandingofthemolecularbasisoflactationwillaidinthedevelopmentofstrategiesforoptimizingmilkqualityindairycowsandmodifyingthelactationperformanceofoffspring.
BistabilityandNonmonotonicInductionofthelacOperonintheNaturalLactoseUptakeSystem.
Zander,D.,Samaga,D.,Straube,R.&Bettenbrock,K.(2017).BiophysicalJournal,112(9),1984-1996.
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TheEscherichiacolilacoperonisregulatedbyapositivefeedbackloopwhosepotentialtogenerateanall-or-noneresponseinsinglecellshasbeenaparadigmforbistablegeneexpression.However,sofarbistablelacinductionhasonlybeenobservedusinggratuitousinducers,raisingthequestionaboutthebiologicalrelevanceofbistablelacinductioninthenaturalsettingwithlactoseastheinducer.Infact,theexistingexperimentalevidencepointstoagradedratherthananall-or-noneresponseinthenaturallactoseuptakesystem.Incontrast,predictionsbasedoncomputationalmodelsofthelactoseuptakepathwayremaincontroversial.Althoughsomeargueinfavorofbistability,othersargueagainstit.Here,wereinvestigate lac operonexpressioninsinglecellsusingacombinedexperimental/modelingapproach.Tothisend,weparameterizeawell-supportedmathematicalmodelusingtransientmeasurementsofLacZactivityuponinductionwithdifferentamountsoflactose.Theresultingmodelpredictsamonostableinductioncurveforthewild-typesystem,butindicatesthatoverexpressionoftheLacIrepressorwoulddrivethesystemintothebistableregime.Bothpredictionswereconfirmedexperimentallysupportingtheviewthatthewild-typelacinductioncircuitgeneratesagradedresponseratherthanbistability.Moreinterestingly,wefindthatthelacinductioncurveexhibitsapronouncedmaximumatintermediatelactoseconcentrations.Supportedbyourdata,amodel-basedanalysissuggeststhatthenonmonotonicresponseresultsfromsaturationoftheLacIrepressoratlowinducerconcentrationsanddilutionofLacenzymesduetoanincreasedgrowthratebeyondthesaturationpoint.WespeculatethattheobservedmaximuminthelacexpressionlevelhelpstosavecellularresourcesbylimitingLacenzymeexpressionathighinducerconcentrations.
Effectofcalciumreductiononthepropertiesofhalf-fatCheddar-stylecheeseswithfull-saltorhalf-salt.
McCarthy,C.M.,Wilkinson,M.G.&Guinee,T.P.(2017).InternationalDairyJournal,73,38-49.
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Standard-calcium(SCa)andreduced-calcium(RCa)half-fat(16%)Cheddar-stylecheeseswithfull-salt(1.9%)orhalf-salt(0.9%)weremadeintriplicate,ripenedfor270d,andanalysedforcompositionandchangesinlactosemetabolism,pH,proteolysis,water-sorption,fracturepropertiesandheat-inducedflowabilityduringmaturation.Thepressingloadappliedtothemouldedcheesewasmodifiedtoensureequalmoistureinallcheesesdespitethedifferencesinsaltandcalciumlevels.TheRCacheeseswerecharacterizedbyhigherprimaryproteolysis(αs1-caseindegradation,pH4.6-solubleNdevelopment),lowersecondaryproteolysis(concentrationoffreeaminoacids),higherwater-holdingcapacityonreducingrelativehumidityfrom85to5%,lowerfracturestressandstrain,andmoreextensiveflowonheating.Overall,theusecalciumreduction,whenusedinconjunctionwithmoisturenormalization,provedaneffectivemeansofcounteractingtheadverseeffectsoffatreductionontextureandcookingpropertiesinhalf-fat,half-saltcheese.
AnnexinA2PositivelyRegulatesMilkSynthesisandProliferationofBovineMammaryEpithelialCellsthroughthemTORSignalingPathway.
Zhang,M.,Chen,D.,Zhen,Z.,Ao,J.,Yuan,X.&Gao,X.(2017).JournalofCellularPhysiology,InPress.
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AnnexinA2(AnxA2)hasbeenshowntoplaymultiplerolesingrowth,developmentandmetabolism,butthefunctionsofAnxA2andthesignalingpathwaysassociatedwithAnxA2arestillnotfullyunderstood.Inthisstudy,weaimtorevealwhetherandhowAnxA2couldbeinvolvedinmilksynthesisandproliferationofbovinemammaryepithelialcells(BMECs).Usinggenefunctionstudyapproaches,wefoundthatAnxA2positivelyregulatesPIP3level,phosphorylationofmTORandproteinlevelsofSREBP-1candCyclinD1leadingtomilksynthesisandcellproliferation.WefurtherobservedthatbothAnxA2-36kDphosphorylatedformandAnxA2-33kDproteincouldbeinducedfromAnxA2-36kDproteininBMECsundermethionine,leucine,estrogenorprolactinstimulation.TheseaboveresultsstronglydemonstratethatAnxA2functionsasacriticalregulatorforaminoacidorhormone-inducedmilksynthesisandcellproliferationviathePI3K-mTOR-SREBP-1c/CyclinD1signalingpathway.
EvolutionoffreeaminoacidsduringripeningofCaciocavallocheesesmadewithdifferentmilks.
Niro,S.,Succi,M.,Tremonte,P.,Sorrentino,E.,Coppola,R.,Panfili,G.&Fratianni,A.(2017).JournalofDairyScience,InPress.
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Theevolutionoffreeaminoacids(FAA)inCaciocavallocheeses,madewithcowmilk(CC)andcowmilkmixedwithewe(CE)andgoat(CG)milk,wasstudiedthroughoutripening.InallCaciocavallocheesesproduced,thetotalfreeaminoacid(TFAA)contentincreasedduringripening.Ingeneral,thehighestTFAAcontentwasfoundincowcheeses,andthelowestinCGcheeses,whereasCEcheesesrangedoveranintermediatelevel.Inalltheanalyzedsamples,duringripening,thecontentoftheindividualFAAincreasedwiththeexceptionofarginine.TyrosineandhistidinewerefoundonlyinCEsamplesfromthemiddletotheendofripening.ThemajorFAAfoundthroughoutthewholeripeningperiod,inalltypesofcheese,wereleucine,phenylalanine,lysine,valine,asparagine,γ-aminobutyricacid,andornithine.TheTFAAandseveralAAshowedsignificantdifferencesinripeningtime,whereastyrosineandhistidineshowedsignificantdifferencesinkindsofmilk.
UV-methodforthedeterminationofLactoseandD-Galactosein
foodstuffs,beveragesandothermaterials
Principle:
(β-galactosidase)
(1)Lactose+H2O→D-galactose+D-glucose
(galactosemutarotase)
(2)α-D-Galactose↔β-D-galactose
(β-galactosedehydrogenase)
(3)β-D-Galactose+NAD+→D-galactonicacid+NADH+H+
Kitsize: * 115assays
* Thenumberofmanualtestsperkitcanbedoubledifallvolumesarehalved.
ThiscanbereadilyaccommodatedusingtheMegaQuantTM Wave
Spectrophotometer(D-MQWAVE).Method: Spectrophotometricat340nm
Reactiontime: ~15min
Detectionlimit: 2.96mg/L(lactose)
Applicationexamples:
Milk,dairyproducts(e.g.cream,milk/wheypowder,cheese,
condensedmilkandyogurt),foodscontainingmilk(e.g.dieteticfoods,
bakeryproducts,babyfood,chocolate,sweetsandice-cream),food
additives,feed,cosmetics,pharmaceuticalsandothermaterials
(e.g.biologicalcultures,samples,etc.)
Methodrecognition:
MethodsbasedonthisprinciplehavebeenacceptedbyAOAC2006.06,NBN,
DIN,GOSTandIDF
Advantages
- Veryrapidreactionduetoinclusionofgalactosemutarotase(patentedtechnologyPCT/IE2004/00170)
- Verycompetitiveprice(costpertest)
- Allreagentsstablefor>2yearsafterpreparation
- Mega-Calc™softwaretoolisavailablefromourwebsiteforhassle-freerawdataprocessing
- Standardincluded
品牌介绍
Megazyme品牌产品简介
来源：作者：人气：2149发表时间：2016-05-19 10:59:00【大 中 小】
Megazyme是一家全球性公司，专注于开发和提供用于饮料、谷物、乳制品、食品、饲料、发酵、生物燃料和葡萄酒产业用的分析试剂、酶和检测试剂盒。Megazyme的许多检测试剂盒产品已经为众多官方科学协会（包括AOAC, AACC , RACI, EBC和ICC等），经过严格的审核，批准认证为官方标准方法，确保以准确、可靠、定量和易于使用的测试方法，满足客户的质量诉求。
Megazyme的主要产品线包括：
◆ 检测试剂盒
◆ 酶
◆ 酶底物
◆ 碳水化合物
◆ 化学品/仪器
官网地址：http://www.megazyme.com
检测试剂盒特色产品：
货号
中文品名
用途
K-ACETAF
乙酸[AF法]检测试剂盒
酶法定量分析乙酸最广泛使用的方法
K-ACHDF
可吸收糖/膳食纤维检测试剂盒
酒精沉淀法测定膳食纤维
K-AMIAR
氨快速检测试剂盒
用于包括葡萄汁、葡萄酒以及其它食品饮料样品中氨含量的快速检测分析。
K-AMYL
直链淀粉/支链淀粉检测试剂盒
谷物淀粉和而粉中直链淀粉/支链淀粉比例和含量检测
K-ARAB
阿拉伯聚糖检测试剂盒
果汁浓缩液中阿拉伯聚糖的检测
K-ASNAM
L-天冬酰胺/L-谷氨酰胺和氨快速检测试剂盒
用于食品工业中丙烯酰胺前体、细胞培养基、以及上清液组分中、L-天冬酰胺，谷氨酰胺和氨的检测分析
K-ASPTM
阿斯巴甜检测试剂盒
专业用于测定饮料和食品中阿斯巴甜含量，操作简单
K-BETA3
β-淀粉酶检测试剂盒
适用于麦芽粉中β-淀粉酶的测定
K-BGLU
混合键β-葡聚糖检测试剂盒
测定谷物、荞麦粉、麦汁、啤酒及其它食品中混合键β-葡聚糖(1,3:1,4-β-D-葡聚糖)的含量
K-CERA
α-淀粉酶检测试剂盒
谷物和发酵液（真菌和细菌）中α-淀粉酶的分析测定
K-CITR
柠檬酸检测试剂盒
快速、可靠地检测食品、饮料和其它物料中柠檬酸（柠檬酸盐）含量
K-DLATE
乳酸快速检测试剂盒
快速、特异性检测饮料、肉类、奶制品和其它食品中L-乳酸和D-乳酸(乳酸盐）含量
K-EBHLG
酵母β-葡聚糖酶检测试剂盒
用于测量和分析酵母中1,3:1,6?-β-葡聚糖，也可以检测1,3-葡聚糖
K-ETSULPH
总亚硫酸检测试剂盒
测定葡萄酒、饮料、食品和其他物料中总亚硫酸含量（按二氧化硫计）的一种简单，高效，可靠的酶法检测方法
K-FRGLMQ
D-果糖/D-葡萄糖[MegaQuant法]检测试剂盒
适用于使用megaquant?色度计（505nm下）测定葡萄、葡萄汁和葡萄酒中D-果糖和D-葡萄糖的含量。
K-FRUC
果聚糖检测试剂盒
含有淀粉、蔗糖和其他糖类的植物提取物和食品中果聚糖的含量测定。
K-FRUGL
D-果糖/D-葡萄糖检测试剂盒
对植物和食品中果糖或葡萄糖含量的酶法紫外分光测定。
K-GALM
半乳甘露聚糖检测试剂盒
食品和植物产品中半乳甘露聚糖的含量检测
K-GLUC
D-葡萄糖[GOPOD]检测试剂盒
谷物提取物中D-葡萄糖的含量测定，可以和其它Megazyme检测试剂盒联合使用。
K-GLUHK
D-葡萄糖[HK]检测试剂盒
植物和食品中D-葡萄糖的含量测定，可以和其它Megazyme检测试剂盒联合使用。
K-GLUM
葡甘聚糖检测试剂盒
植物和食品中葡甘聚糖的含量测定。
K-INTDF
总膳食纤维检测试剂盒
总膳食纤维特定检测和分析
K-LACGAR
乳糖/D-半乳糖快速检测试剂盒
用于快速检测食品和植物产品中乳糖、D-半乳糖和L-阿拉伯糖
K-LACSU
乳糖/蔗糖/D-葡萄糖检测试剂盒
混合面粉和其它物料中蔗糖、乳糖和D-葡萄糖的测定
K-LACTUL
乳果糖检测试剂盒
特异性、快速和灵敏测量奶基样品中乳果糖含量
K-MANGL
D-甘露糖/D-果糖/D-葡萄糖检测试剂盒
适合测定植物产品和多糖酸性水解产物中D-甘露糖含量
K-MASUG
麦芽糖/蔗糖/D-葡萄糖检测试剂盒
在植物和食品中麦芽糖，蔗糖和葡萄糖的含量检测
K-PECID
胶质识别检测试剂盒
食品配料中果胶的鉴别
K-PHYT
植酸(总磷)检测试剂盒
食品和饲料样品植酸/总磷含量测量的简便方法。不需要通过阴离子交换色谱对植酸纯化，适合于大量样本分析
K-PYRUV
丙酮酸检测试剂盒
在啤酒、葡萄酒、果汁、食品和体液中丙酮酸分析
K-RAFGA
棉子糖/D-半乳糖检测试剂盒
快速测量植物材料和食品中棉子糖和半乳糖含量
K-RAFGL
棉子糖/蔗糖/D-半乳糖检测试剂盒
分析种子和种子粉中D-葡萄糖、蔗糖、棉子糖、水苏糖和毛蕊花糖含量。通过将棉子糖、水苏糖和毛蕊花糖酶解D-葡萄糖、D-果糖和半乳糖，从而测定葡萄糖含量来确定
K-SDAM
淀粉损伤检测试剂盒
谷物面粉中淀粉损伤的检测和分析
K-SUCGL
蔗糖/D-葡萄糖检测试剂盒
饮料、果汁、蜂蜜和食品中蔗糖和葡萄糖的分析
K-SUFRG
蔗糖/D-果糖/D-葡萄糖检测试剂盒
适用于植物和食品中蔗糖、D-葡萄糖和D-果糖的测定
K-TDFR
总膳食纤维检测试剂盒
总膳食纤维检测
K-TREH
海藻糖检测试剂盒
快速、可靠地检测食品、饮料和其它物料中海藻糖含量
K-URAMR
尿素/氨快速检测试剂盒
适用于水、饮料、乳制品和食品中尿素和氨的快速测定
K-URONIC
D-葡萄糖醛酸/D-半乳糖醛酸检测试剂盒
简单、可靠、精确测定植物提取物、培养基/上清液以及其它物料中六元糖醛酸含量（D-葡萄糖醛酸和D-半乳糖醛酸）
K-XYLOSE
D-木糖检测试剂盒
简单、可靠、精确测定植物提取物、培养基/上清液以及其它物料中D-木糖含量
K-YBGL
Beta葡聚糖[酵母和蘑菇]检测试剂盒
检测酵母和蘑菇制品中1,3:1,6-beta-葡聚糖和α-葡聚糖含量
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