TheLactuloseAssayKitissuitablefor thespecific,rapidandsensitivemeasurementandanalysisoflactuloseinmilkandmilk-basedsamples.ReagentsincludedinthiskitmayalsobepreparedforuseintheproceduredescribedbyISOMethod11285:2004.
Invitroandinvivoprotectiveeffectsoffermentedpreparationsofdietaryherbsagainstlipopolysaccharideinsult.
Bose,S.,Song,M.Y.,Nam,J.K.,Lee,M.J.&Kim,H.(2012).FoodChemistry,134(2),758-765.
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Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)isknowntoproduceendotoxicshockbytriggeringsystemicinflammatoryresponses.Here,weevaluatedtheprotectiveeffectsofthreefermented/re-fermentedherbs,RhizomaAtractylodisMacrocephalae,MassaMedicataFermentata,andDolichorisSemen,inanLPS-mediatedinflammatoryinsult,eitherindividually
invitrousingRAW264.7cellsorincombinationin
invivousingrats.Ingeneral,eachofthefermentedherbsshowedappreciable
invitroanti-inflammatoryactivity,althoughthedegreeofthisactivityvariedwiththeherbused.Moreover,amixtureoffermentedherbalextractsincombinationwithprobioticssignificantlyattenuatedthebloodendotoxinandCRPlevels,aswellasthegutperme
ABIlity,andsignificantlyaugmentedtheintestinal
Lactobacillusspp.colonisationinLPS-treatedrats.However,theseeffectswerenotobservedfollowingtheadmi
NISTrationofthecorrespondingmixtureofunfermentedherbalextracts.Thus,ourresultshighlightthebeneficialimpactsoftheuseoffermentedherbproductswithprobioticstocombatLPS-mediatedinflammatoryinsults.
Theeffectofintestinalpermeabilityandendotoxemiaontheprognosisofacutepancreatitis.
Koh,Y.Y.,Jeon,W.K.,Cho,Y.K.,Kim,H.J.,Chung,W.G.,Chon,C.U.,Oh,T.Y.&Shin,J.H.(2012).GutandLiver,6(4),505-511.
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Background/Aims:Earlyintestinalmucosaldamageplaysanimportantroleinsevereacutepancreatitis(AP).Previousstudieshaveshownthatintestinalpermeability(IP),serumendotoxinandcytokinescontributetotheearlyintestinalbarrierdysfunctioninAP.ThisstudyexploredthepredictivecapacityofIP,endotoxemiaandcytokinesasprognosticindicatorsinAPpatients.
Methods:Eighty-sevenAPpatientswereincludedinthestudy.ThepatientswereclassifiedintothreegroupsaccordingtotheBalthazarcomputedtomographyseverityindex(CTSI).Wecomparedthebiochemicalparameters,includingIP,serumendotoxinlevelandcytokinelevelamongthethreegroups.TheassociationsofIPwithserumendotoxin,cytokines,CTSI,andotherwidelyusedbiochemicalparametersandscoringsystemswerealsoexamined.
Results:IP,serumendotoxin,interleukin(IL-6)andtumornecrosisfactor(TNF)-αhadapositivecorrelationwiththeCTSIofAP.Endotoxin,IL-6,TNF-α,CTSI,theRanson/APACHEIIscore,thedurationofhospitalstay,complicationsanddeathsignificantlyaffectIPintheAPpatients.
Conclusions:WebelievethatIPwithsubsidiarymeasurementsofserumendotoxin,IL-6andTNF-αmaybereliable
MarkersforpredictingtheprognosisofAP.FurtherstudiesthatcanrestoreandpreservegutbarrierfunctioninAPpatientsarewarranted.
Assessmentofgastrointestinalpermeabilitybylactulosetestinsheepafterrepeatedindomethacintreatment.
Minuti,A.,Ahmed,S.,Trevisi,E.,Piccioli-Cappelli,F.,Bertoni,G.&Bani,P.(2013).JournalofAnimalScience,91(12),5646-5653.
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Theaimofthestudywastoassessthesmallintestinepermeabilitybyusinglactuloseasasugarprobeandbloodmetabolitesinsheepafterachallengewithrepeatedindomethacininjections.Accordingtoachangeoverdesign,7adultsheep(4malesand3females)weresubjectedto4intramuscularinjections(every12h)ofsaline[control(CRT);7animals]orindomethacin(INDO;7animals).Twohoursafterthelastinjection,30goflactulosewereadministeredorallytobothCTRandINDO.Bloodsampleswerecollecteddailyfortheanalysisofthemetabolicprofileand5sampleswerecollectedat2-hintervalsfollowinglactuloseingestiontomonitorchangesinbloodlevelsoflactuloseasanindexofintestinalpermeability.TheINDOchallengeinducedclinicalsymptomssuchaslackofappetite,dullness,weakness,depression,anddiarrheawithtracesofbloodinthefeces.InINDOgroup,haptoglobinandceruloplasminincreased(P<0.01)=""after=""indo=""challenge=""whereas=""a=""decrease="">P<0.05)=""of=""negative=""acute=""phase=""reactants=""(e.g.,=""cholesterol,=""albumin,=""and=""paraoxonase)=""was=""observed.=""reactive=""oxygen=""metabolites=""increased="">P<0.01)=""from=""60=""to=""204=""h=""after=""the=""indo=""challenge=""start,=""with=""a=""decrease=""of=""vitamin=""e=""concentration=""from=""12="">P<0.01)=""to=""132=""h="">P<0.05).=""blood=""lactulose=""concentrations=""were=""increased="">P<0.05)=""in=""indo=""animals=""and=""the=""highest=""mean=""values=""(17.67=""µg/ml=""in=""indo=""vs.=""0.17=""µg/ml=""in=""crt;="">P<0.01)=""were=""observed=""6=""h=""after=""oral=""dosage=""of=""lactulose.=""these=""changes=""indicate=""that=""the=""indo=""challenge=""led=""to=""severe=""inflammatory=""responses=""with=""oxidative=""stress=""by=""enhancing=""small=""intestinal=""permeability=""in=""sheep=""that=""allowed=""lactulose=""to=""enter=""in=""blood.=""the=""results=""of=""this=""experiment=""demonstrate=""that=""lactulose=""can=""be=""used=""as=""a=""probe=""to=""assess=""gastrointestinal=""permeability=""in=""adult=""ruminants=""to=""test=""the=""consequences=""of=""stressing=""conditions=""on=""animal=""welfare.=""for=""this=""purpose,=""the=""most=""suitable=""time=""for=""blood=""sampling=""is=""between=""2=""and=""8=""h=""after=""the=""oral=""dosage=""of=""lactulose.="">
EvaluationoftheinvitroandinvivoprotectiveeffectsofunfermentedandfermentedRhizomacoptidisformulationsagainstlipopolysaccharideinsult.
Bose,S.,Jeon,S.,Eom,T.,Song,M.Y.&Kim,H.(2012).FoodChemistry,135(2),452-459.
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Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)canproduceendotoxicshockbytriggeringthesystemicinflammatoryresponse.Here,weevaluatedtheinvitroandinvivoprotectiveeffectsofunfermentedandfermentedRhizomacoptidis(RCandFRC,respectively)againstLPS-insult.Ingeneral,RCsuppressedtheLPS-inducedexpressionofkeyinflammatorymediatorsinRAW264.7cells,inadose-dependentmanner.Notably,FRCata20μg/mldoseincombinationwiththeprobioticusedforfermentationshowedmorepotentinvitroanti-inflammatoryactivitiesthanthatexhibitedbythecorrespondingdoseofRC.Moreover,oraltreatmentwithFRCinassociationwiththeprobiotic,butnotoraladministrationofRC,significantlyattenuatedbloodendotoxinandC-reactiveprotein(CRP)levels,andgutpermeability,andsignificantlyaugmentedtheintestinalpopulationofBifodobacteriumspp.andLactobacillusspp.inLPS-treatedanimals.OurresultsdemonstratethebeneficialimpactoffermentedRCincombinationwiththeassociatedprobioticincombatingLPS-insultbothinvitroandinvivo.
Theeffectsofco-administrationofprobioticswithherbalmedicineonobesity,metabolicendotoxemiaanddySBIosis:Arandomizeddouble-blindcontrolledclinicaltrial.
Lee,S.J.,Bose,S.,Seo,J.G.,Chung,W.S.,Lim,C.Y.&Kim,H.(2013).ClinicalNutrition,33(6),973-981.
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Backgrounds&aims:Probioticshelpmaintainbalanceincompositionofthegutmicrobiota,andhavebeenconsideredasapotentialtreatmentforobesity.Thisstudywasconductedinordertoassesstheeffectsofprobioticswhencombinedwithherbalmedicineintreatmentofobesity.Probioticsweretestedfortheabilitytomodulategutmicrobiota,gutpermeability,andendotoxinlevel,whichmayhavecorrelationwithfactorsinvolvedinobesity.Methods:Arandomized,double-blind,placebocontrolledstudywasconducted,inwhichpatientswithhigherBMI(>25kg/m2)andwaistcircumference(>85cm)wereenrolledandrandomlyassignedtoreceiveBofutsushosanwitheitherprobioticsorplacebocapsulesforaperiodofeightweeks.Assessmentofbodycompositionparameters,metabolicbiomarkers,endotoxinlevel,gutpermeability,andfecalbacteriainstoolwasperformedatbaselineandatweek8.ThestudywasregisteredattheClinicalResearchInformationService,approvedbytheKoreaNationalInstituteofHealth(KCT0000386).Results:Althoughbothgroupsshowedasignificantreductioninweightandwaistcircumference(p=0.000),nosignificantdifferencesinbodycompositionandmetabolicmarkerswereobserved.Incorrelationanalysis,changeinbodycompositionshowedpositivecorrelationwithendotoxinlevel(r=0.441,p<0.05=""for=""bw;=""and="">r=0.350,p<0.05=""for=""fat=""mass)=""and=""the=""population=""of=""gut="">Lactobacillusplantarum(r=0.425,p<0.05=""for=""bw;=""and="">r=0.407,p<0.05=""for=""bmi).=""the=""gram=""negative=""bacterial=""population=""in=""gut=""also=""exhibited=""positive=""correlation=""with=""changes=""in=""body=""composition=""(wc)=""and=""total=""cholesterol=""level="">r=0.359,and0.393,fortheformerandlaterparameters,respectively,p<0.05=""for=""both).=""while,=""the=""profile=""of=""gut="">Bifidobacteriumbrevepopulationshowednegativecorrelationwithendotoxinlevel(r=−0.350,p<0.05).="">Conclusions:Correlationsbetweengutmicrobiotaandchangeinbodycompositionindicatethatprobioticsmayinfluenceenergymetabolisminobesity.Correlationbetweenendotoxinlevelandweightreductionindicatesthatprobioticsmayplayanimportantroleinpreventionofendotoxinproduction,whichcanleadtogutmicrobiotadysbiosisassociatedwithobesity.
FlosLoniceraAmelioratesObesityandAssociatedEndotoxemiainRatsthroughModulationofGutPermeabilityandIntestinalMicrobiota.
Wang,J.H.,Bose,S.,Kim,G.C.,Hong,S.U.,Kim,J.H.,Kim,J.E.&Kim,H.(2014).PloSone,9(1),e86117.
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BackgroundandAims:Increasingevidencehasindicatedacloseassociationofhost-gutflorametabolicinteractionwithobesity.
FlosLonicera,atr
ADItionalherbalmedicine,isusedwidelyineasternAsiaforthetreatmentofvariousdisorders.Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluatewhetherunfermentedorfermentedformulationsof
FlosLoniceracouldexertabeneficialimpacttocombatobesityandrelatedmetabolicendotoxemia.
Methods:Obesityandmetabolicendotoxemiawereinducedseparatelyortogetherinratsthroughfeedingaeight-weekhighfatdieteitheralone(HFDcontrolgroup)orincombinationwithasingleLPSstimulation(intraperitonealinjection,0.75mg/kg)(LPScontrolgroup).While,themechanismofactionofthe
Loniceraformulationswasexplored
invitrousingRAW264.7andHCT116celllinesasmodels.
Results:Incell-basedstudies,treatmentwithbothunfermented
FlosLonicera(UFL)andfermented
FlosLonicera(FFL)formulationsresultedinsuppressionofLPS-inducedNOproductionandgeneexpressionofvitalproinflammatorycytokines(TNF-α,COX-2,andIL-6)inRAW264.7cells,reducedthegeneexpressionofzonulaoccludens(ZO)-1andclaudin-1,andnormalizedtransepithelialelectricresistance(TEER)andhorseradishperoxidase(HRP)fluxinLPS-treatedHCT-116cells.Inananimalstudy,treatmentofHFDaswellasHFD+LPSgroupswithUFLorFFLresultedinanotabledecreaseinbodyandadiposetissueweights,amelioratedtotalcholesterol,HDL,triglyceride,aspartatetransaminaseandendotoxinlevelsinserum,reducedtheurinarylactulose/mannitolratio,andmarkedlyalleviatedlipidaccumulationinliver.Inaddition,exposureofHFDaswellasHFD+LPSgroupswithUFLorFFLresultedinsignificantalterationofthedistributionofintestinalflora,especiallyaffectingthepopulationof
Akkermansiaspp.andratioofBacteroidetesandFirmicutes.
Conclusion:Thisevidencecollectivelydemonstratesthat
FlosLoniceraamelioratesobesityandrelatedmetabolicendotoxemiaviaregulatingdistributionofgutfloraandgutpermeability.
HepatoprotectiveeffectofLentinusedodesmyceliafermentedformulationagainstalcoholicliverinjuryinrats.
Chung,W.S.,Wang,J.H.,Bose,S.,Park,J.M.,Park,S.O.,Lee,S.J.,Jeon,S.&Kim,H.(2015).JournalofFoodBiochemistry,39(3),251-262.
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Thehepatoprotectiveeffectsoffermentedblackricebranextracts(FF1andFF2:blackricebranfermentedby
Lentinusedodesderivedfrommyceliumsupplementedwithsoybeanor
Hoveniadulcis)andtheirassociatedmechanismswereevaluated.Inan
invitroexperiment,FFscausedsignificantameliorationofthemetabolicfunctionofrathepatocytestreatedwith NH
4Cl.Inaddition,administrationofFFstoratswithchronicliverinjuryinducedby12-weekcontinualalcoholconsumptionresultedinsignificantrestorationofbodyweightshrinkage,notableattenuationofexcessiveaspartateaminotransferase,alkalinephosphataseandendotoxininserum,malondialdehydeinliverandthelactulose/mannitolratioinurine.Fur
Thermore,FF1orFF2alsocausedsignificantdownregulationofgeneexpressionofseveralcriticalinflammatorymediators(interleukin-6,tumornecrosisfactor-alpha,cyclooxygenase-2andinduc
IBLenitricoxidesynthase).HistopathologicalfindingsalsoindicatedthatFFsreducedinflammation,necrosisandfattyinfiltrationinlivertissue.Takentogether,FFsexerthepatoprotectiveeffectsthroughanti-inflammatoryandanti-lipidperoxidativepropertiesandregulationofintestinalpermeability.
Evaluationoffurosine,lactuloseandacid-solubleβ-lactoglobulinastimetemperatureintegratorsforwhippingcreamsamplesatretailinAustria.
Boitz,L.I.&Mayer,H.K.(2015).InternationalDairyJournal,50,24-31.
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Threeheatloadindicators,i.e.,furosine,lactuloseandacid-solubleβ-lactoglobulin,weredeterminedinwhippingcreamsamplespurchasedfromAustrianmarket(n = 33),aswellascommercialsamplesobtaineddirectlyfromoneAustriandairycompany(onebrand,n= 25).Furosinecontentswere47.8 ± 14.0,72.2 ± 36.6,and172.5 ± 17.7 mg 100 g−1protein,andβ-lactoglobulincontentswere143 ± 91,195 ± 150,and89 ± 31 mg L−1forretailedpasteurised,extendedshelflife(ESL),andultra-hightemperature(UHT)creamsamples,respectively.Lactuloseconcentrations(analysedenzymatically)were29 ± 10,56 ± 41,and201 ± 24 mg L−1forpasteurised,ESLandUHTcreamsamples,respectively.Linearcorrelationobtainedforfurosineandlactuloseconcentrationsindicatedthattheseindicatorscanreliablyassesstheheatloadofpasteurised,ESLandUHTcreamsamples,whereasβ-lactoglobulinwasdefinitelynotappropriatetodiscriminatebetweentheseheatingcategories.