TheGlucomannantestkitissuitableforthemeasurementandanalysisofGlucomannaninplantproductsandfood.
Measurementoftotalstarchincerealproductsbyamyloglucosidase-alpha-amylasemethod:collaborativestudy.
McCleary,B.V.,Gibson,T.S.&Mugford,D.C.(1997).JournalofAOACInternational,80,571-579.
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AnAmericanAssociationofCerealChemists/AOACcollaborativestudywasconductedtoevaluatetheaccuracyandreli
ABIlityofanenzymeassaykitprocedureformeasurementoftotalstarchinarangeofcerealgrainsandproducts.Thefloursampleisincubatedat95degreesCwith
Thermostablealpha-amylasetocatalyzethehydrolysisofstarchtomaltodextrins,thepHoftheslurryisadjusted,andtheslurryistreatedwithahighlypurifiedamyloglucosidasetoquantitativelyhydrolyzethedextrinstoglucose.Glucoseismeasuredwithglucoseoxidase-peroxidasereagent.Thirty-twocollaboratorsweresent16homogeneoustestsamplesas8blindduplicates.Thesesamplesincludedchickenfeedpellets,whitebread,greenpeas,high-amylosemaizestarch,whitewheatflour,wheatstarch,oatbran,andspaghetti.Allsampleswereanalyzedbythestandardprocedureasdetailedabove;4samples(high-amylosemaizestarchandwheatstarch)werealsoanalyzedbyamethodthatrequiresthesamplestobecookedfirstindimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).Relativestandarddeviationsforrepeatability(RSD(r))rangedfrom2.1to3.9%,andrelativestandarddeviationsforreproducibility(RSD(R))rangedfrom2.9to5.7%.TheRSD(R)valueforhighamylosemaizestarchanalyzedbythestandard(non-DMSO)procedurewas5.7%;thevaluewasreducedto2.9%whentheDMSOprocedurewasused,andthedeterminedstarchvaluesincreasedfrom86.9to97.2%.
Measurementofcarbohydratesingrain,feedandfood.
McCleary,B.V.,Charnock,S.J.,Rossiter,P.C.,O’Shea,M.F.,Power,A.M.&Lloyd,R.M.(2006).JournaloftheScienceofFoodandAgriculture,86(11),1648-1661.
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Proceduresforthemeasurementofstarch,starchdamage(gelatinisedstarch),resistantstarchandtheamylose/amylopectincontentofstarch,β-glucan,fructan,glucomannanandgalactosyl-sucroseoligosaccharides(raffinose,stachyoseandverbascose)inplantmaterial,animalfeedsandfoodsaredescribed.Mostofthesemethodshavebeensuccessfullysubjectedtointerlaboratoryevaluation.Allmethodsarebasedontheuseofenzymeseitherpurifiedbyconventionalchromatographyorproducedusingmolecular
BIOLOGytechniques.Suchmethodsallowspecific,accurateandreliablequantificationofaparticularcomponent.Problemsincalculatingtheactualweightofgalactosyl-sucroseoligosaccharidesintestsamplesarediscussedindetail.
ChemicalcompositionandphysicochemicalpropertiesoftuberasalepproducedfromsomeOrchidaceaespecies.
Tekinşen,K.K.&Güner,A.(2010).FoodChemistry,121(2),468-471.
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Salepsamplesobtainedfrom10differentOrchidaceaespp.,namelyDactylorhizaosmanicavar.osmanica,Ophrysmammosa,Orchisanatolica,Orchiscoriophora,Orchisitalica,Orchismorio,Orchispalustris,Orchissimia,OrchistridentataandSerapiasvomeraceassp.orientalis,inAnatolia,wereanalyzedformoisture,glucomannan,starch,protein,ashcontents,pHandviscosityvalues.Dependingonthespecies,thesamplesshowedstatisticallysignificantdifferencesinglucomannan,starchandviscosityvalues.ItwasobservedthatthesalepsamplesobtainedfromthetubersofO.italica,O.morio,O.anatolicaandO.tridentataandS.vomeraceassp.orientalis,respectively,hadhigherglucomannancontentsandviscosities.Toensureasupplyofhigh-qualitysalep,theuncontrolledcollectionoftubersfromthewild,especiallythespeciesO.italica,O.morioandO.anatolica,shouldbeprevented,andresearchintomethodsofcultivationshouldbecarriedout.
StructureandbioactivityofthepolysaccharidesinmedicinalplantDendrobiumhuoshanense.
Hsieh,Y.S.-Y.,Chien,C.,Liao,S.K.-S.,Liao,S.F.,Hung,W.T.,Yang,W.B.,Lin,C.C.,Cheng,T.J.R.,Chang,C.C.,Fanga,J.M.&Wong,C.H.(2008).Bioorganic&MedicinalChemistry,16(11),6054-6068.
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DetailedstructuresoftheactivepolysaccharidesextractedfromtheleafandstemcellwallsandmucilageofDendrobiumhuoshanensearedeterminedbyusingvarioustechniques,includingchromatographic,spectroscopic,chemical,andenzymaticmethods.ThemucilagepolysaccharideexhibitsspecificfunctionsinactivatingmurinesplenocytestoproduceseveralcytokinesincludingIFN-γ,IL-10,IL-6,andIL-1α,aswellashematopoieticgrowthfactorsGM-CSFandG-CSF.However,thedeacetylatedmucilageobtainedfromanalkalinetreatmentfailstoinducecytokineproduction.Thestructureandbioactivityofmucilagecomponentsarevalidatedbyfurtherfractionation.ThisisthefirststudythatprovidesclearevidenceforthestructureandactivityrelationshipofthepolysaccharideinD.huoshanense.
MethodologiesfortheextractionandanalysisofkonjacglucomannanfromcormsofAmorphophalluskonjacK.Koch.
Chua,M.,Chan,K.,Hocking,T.J.,Williams,P.A.,Perry,C.J.&Baldwin,T.C.(2012).CarbohydratePolymers,87(3),2202-2210.
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Herewepresentacomparisonofcommonlyusedmethodologiesfortheextractionandquantificationofkonjacglucomannan(KGM).Compositionalanalysisshowedthatthepurifiedkonjacflour(PKF)producedusingamodifiedextractionprocedurecontained92%glucomannan,withaweightaveragemolecularweight(Mw),polydispersityindex(PDI)anddegreeofacetylation(DA)of9.5±0.6×10
5gmol
-1,1.2and2.8wt.%.Thesedata,plusFourier-transforminfraredspectral(FTIR)andzeroshearviscosityanalysesoftheextract(PKF)wereallconsistentwiththeliterature.ComparisonofthreeexistingmethodologiesforthequantitativeanalysisoftheKGMcontentofthePKF,namely3,5-dinitrosalicylicacid(3,5-DNS),phenol–sulphuricacidandenzymaticcolorimetricassays;indicatedthatthe3,5-DNScolorimetricassaywasthemostreproduc
IBLeandaccuratemethod,withalinearcorrelationcoefficientof0.997forsamplesrangingfrom0.5to12.5mg/ml,andrecoveriesbetween97%and103%acrossthreespikinglevels(250,500and750μg/g)ofstarch.Thesedataprovidethebasisofimprovedgoodlaboratorypractice(GLP)forthecommercialextractionandanalysisofthismultifunctionalnaturalpolymer.
Rheologicalpropertiesandstructuralcharacterizationofsalepimprovedbyethanoltreatment.
Kurt,A.&Kahyaoglu,T.(2015).Carbohydratepolymers,133,654-661.
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Glucomannanisthemainandimportantconstituentofsalep.Theothercontentsarecalledasimpurities.Inthisstudy,theremovalofthemwasachievedbyethanoltreatmenttoincreasesalepquality(40%,50%,60%,and70%).Thehighestglucomannanandthelowestimpuritiescontentsweresucceededwiththe40%ethanoltreatment(SF40).ApparentviscosityofSF40increasedabout5foldsascomparedwithnativesalep.SF40alsohadhigherintrinsicviscosity[η]andlowercriticalconcentration(C*)thanothersamples.TheimprovedmolecularentanglementbetweenglucomannanchainsweredemonstratedwithincreasedBerrynumberCx[η].Thestorage(G′)andloss(G″)modulispectraofSF40werefoundhigherwithinthewholerangeoffrequencyandtemperature.Thissimpleethanolprocesscouldbeusedasapromisingmodificationmethodforimprovingthepropertiesofsalep.